Go-Steine的简单介绍

高分！！！把这篇英文文章改成用自己的话说！！！做成presentation！！！ 100分先上！满意再加！

Ruth had six brothers and sisters; she was the fourth child, Chanele, Yankele, and Mala preceded her; brothers Motele, Moshiele, and Laibele followed her. Following the invasion of Poland by the Nazi, her elder brother and sisters fled to Russia. Ruth, her mother and the three younger brothers were forced to live in the Lodz Ghetto. In 1942, her mother was taken away during a Nazi raid, leaving Ruth to take care of her younger brothers. But soon they were rounded up with other Jews and sent to Auschwitz; they eventually ended up at the Mitelsteine labor camp, where Ruth and her brothers were separated forever. She contacted blood poisoning by a cut on her hand and was gravely ill; but she survived through her own courage and the support of other inmates, as well as surprising small sparks of humanity from some German officials.

In 1945, the war ended and Ruth had been liberated by the Russian forces from the Nazi labor camp. Ruth returned to Lodz with friends from the camp, but she soon learned that her struggle was far from over when she and her friends found that their former homes were occupied by people who had acquired the homes after the Jewish removal. As she desperately searched for family and friends, Ruth quickly realized that anti-Semitism remained very strong and that remaining in Lodz, Poland was not safe. So she and her friends decided to flee and they finally ended up staying in an abandoned apartment with other survivors.

One day, Ruth met Moniek Senderowicz by a small water pump while getting water for her small apartment, the two fell in love and married six weeks later. The couple decided to return to Germany to live in a displaced persons camp until they could find a place to live. Eventually Ruth learned that her elder sisters, Chanele and Mala, as well as her elder brother Yankele, had survived the Holocaust and were in different parts of Germany; both Mala and Yankele were married. But Ruth’s husband, Monieck found no survivors of his family. Chanele were able to re-unite with Ruth first and they were later joined by Mala and Yankele.

While living in the displaced persons camp, Ruth bore two sons, Laibele and Avrom. When the babies were born, from the many barracks in the camp, people she had never met came to see the new babies. They brought small gifts, love, good wishes, and they also lent a hand to help; Ruth was very grateful for their presence and their attention.

Many of the survivors hoped that the gates of the free world countries would open to them after the war ended but were bitterly disappointed. But Ruth had always kept the faith: "As long as there is life, there is hope." And true enough, Ruth and Moniek finally were able to make contact with relatives who had moved to the United States before the war and, eventually, after a struggle that lasted over three years, they were able to go to the United States, where two more children, Chaim and Nachele (Nancy), were born. The family settled in Long Island.

【英语牛人团】

Thornson-Biorck综合征的临床表现有哪些？

【别名】恶性类癌综合征；Kultschitzky细胞癌；类癌；嗜银细胞瘤；嗜银细胞癌；胃肠副神经节瘤；神经原发类癌；Hedinger综合征；Biorck-Thomson综合征；类癌综合征；类癌皮肤潮红综合征；Cassidy-Schoalte综合征；Thomson综合征；Scholta综合征；Steine-Voene综合征；皮肤潮红综合征；嗜银细胞瘤综合征；肠皮肤心脏病；Cassidy综合征。类癌是一种主要发生于胃肠道，但也可位子胃肠外器官的能产生小分子多肽类或肽类激素的肿瘤，由类癌细胞分泌、释放一些生物活性物质所引起的一组具有多种复杂症状、体征的症候群。

早在1808年Merling已首先对此肿瘤做了组织学的描述，1888年Lubarsch认为此瘤起于Lieberkuhns陷凹，区别于腺癌，19世纪Kultscnitzky等认为在Lieberkuhnu陷凹的肠嗜铬细胞核与类癌均为嗜银性，1910年Huebschmann引证了肿瘤起始于胃肠道的嗜银细胞，Gosett和Masson在1914年证实了嗜银细胞核内颗粒是嗜银性而称此瘤为嗜银细胞瘤，直至1952年Erspamer等指出Kultschmann细胞分泌血清素之后，逐渐引起人们之重视。类癌综合征(Carcinoidsyndrome)是Biock等于1952年报道，类癌兼肝转移伴有一些全身症状，1950年Thomson等及1955年WaldenStrom等首先描述类癌综合征。Page指出这类患者尿中可排出血清素的代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)之后临床报道增多，约18%的类癌可发生类癌综合征。

【病因病理】类癌瘤属神经内分泌系肿瘤，它主要起源于肠嗜铬细胞或Kulchitsky细胞。这类细胞主要分布在胃肠道的黏膜，能够产生一系列具有生物活性的胺类和肽类，包括5-HT及其代谢产物、P物质、前列腺素、组胺、激肽释放肽、缓激肽、神经降压素、血管活性长肽等，类癌综合征是这些物质过量形成，促使血管扩张，支气管痉挛，胃肠平滑肌蠕动加剧，毛细血管通透性增加，从而产生一系列临床症状。

【临床表现】类癌综合征多见于肠道类癌发生肝转移以后。典型类癌综合征包括腹泻、皮肤潮红、气喘、紫绀和右心瓣膜病等。皮肤潮红可见于90％以上的类癌综合征患者，为本病的主要临床标志。典型发作为突然出现皮肤潮红，开始只持续10～15分钟，间隔几周到几个月发作一次，以后发作愈来愈频繁，持续时间也越来越长。鼻、颊部皮肤血管扩张，可出现糙皮症。晚期发生类癌性心脏病，主要损害三尖瓣内膜和内膜下组织，较少损害肺动脉瓣。瓣膜的损害可导致右心功能不全。

【影像学表现】

消化系统表现类癌在消化道好发部位顺序如下：阑尾、胃、小肠、直肠、结肠。

(1)胃类癌：早期表现为壁内小肿块，表面黏膜完整，此时影像学诊断困难。中晚期胃类癌极似胃癌，不易鉴别。Balthazar等将其X线表现归纳为四型：①孤立壁内性充盈缺损，肿瘤基底较宽，边缘光滑，肿块表面可有浅表溃疡但X线未必显示，极似良性肿瘤。②多发性胃息肉型，多发充盈缺损，边缘光整。③大溃疡型，表现为腔内型龛影，大而不规则，周围绕半月形透亮影，极似溃疡型胃癌。④息肉样腔内肿瘤型，为腔内巨大肿块，其上有较大的浅表溃疡，邻近胃壁受侵变硬，极似进展期蕈伞型胃癌。

(2)小肠类癌：表现为小肠肠腔内孤立或多发、大小不等、结节状充盈缺损，边缘光整；可向肠外生长，累及肠系膜时引起纤维增生反应，表现为肠襻僵直、固定，排列呈星状或辐辏状，单个或多数肠襻形成锐角或纽结等，亦可牵拉肠壁，使黏膜皱襞间的钡剂呈不对称横形延长，伴有弥漫性肠腔狭窄。CT平扫可见病灶内钙化，增强扫描病灶早期明显强化，CT同时可以观察淋巴结及其他脏器转移的情况。转移灶也表现为富血管结节或肿块。

胸部表现类癌还好发于支气管及纵隔。X线表现为支气管截断或偏心性狭窄，肺门或肺野内密度增高的肿块，密度较均匀，边缘光滑，无毛刺样和空洞，极少钙化。CT可显示支气管管壁增厚，管腔偏心性狭窄，肺野内可见边缘光整无毛刺的肿块，部分肿块边缘有分叶；增强后病灶明显强化，部分病灶呈边缘强化，中心坏死区无强化。