promise六种用法,promise的用法及作用
promise的释义中“有成功希望的预示”怎么解释，举个例子
promise
prom.ise
[`prɑmIs;
ˋpr?mis]
《源自拉丁文“往前送”的意思》
名词
1 (C)
a. 约定,诺言
make a ~
承诺 [许下诺言]
keep [break] one's ~ with [to] Betty [
不] 遵守与贝蒂的约定
under ~ of secrecy
约定守住秘密
A ~ is a ~.
诺言就是诺言
(要坚守诺言)
【同义字】
promise 答应做什么事
appointment 为会面而做的约定
b. 约定做…,承诺
I am under no ~ to keep his secret.
我并没承诺守住他的秘密
He broke his ~ to give the book back to me
within a week.
他并没遵守诺言在一周内把书还给我
c. 约定…
I hope you will keep your ~ that the work will
be finished before theend of this month.
我希望你能遵守诺言,在本月底前完成这工作
2 (U) [又作 a ~] 前途,希望,指望,可能性[of]
a writer of great ~
前途无量的作家
show ~ of future greatness
显示前途大有希望
He is full of ~.
他大有前途
The weather gave ~ of warmth.
天气很可能变暖和
the Land of Promise = Promised Land
及物动词
1 答应,约定
a. 答应
He ~d help.
他答应帮忙
b. 答应某人某事;
[对某人]答应某事[to]
She ~d me a reward. = She ~d a reward
tome.
她答应给我报酬
c. 答应做…
He ~d not to tell anyone.
他答应不告诉任何人
d. 答应某人做…
I ~d him to be there at one.
我答应他在一点钟到那里
e. 答应某人…
They ~d (us) that the work should be done before
Saturday.
他们答应 (我们) 在星期六以前做好这件工作
f. 答应
"I won't tell anyone," she ~d.
“我不会告诉任何人,”她答道
2 a. 有…的可能性,可望…,预示…
A rainbow ~s fair weather.
彩虹预示会有好天气
His boyhood did not seem to ~ much.
他的少年时代并未预示出他大有前途
b. 可望…,可能
It ~s to be fine this evening.
今晚可望天晴
3 [~ oneself] (暗自地) 期待…
I ~d myself a holiday.
我盼望假日
不及物动词
1 承诺,答应
It is one thing to ~ and another to
perform.
承诺是一回事,履行是另一回事
2 有可能性,可望
The recent rapid progress in medicine ~s well
for the future.
近来医学长足的进步会给将来带来希望
I promise (you).
我敢断言,确实地,真正地
I'm tired, I ~ you.
我真的累了
英语问题
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式的语法功能
一、作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford. aim. appear. agree. arrange . ask . be . decide. bother . care . choose . come. dare. demand. desire. determine . expect. elect . endeavor .hope. fail . happen . help . hesitate .learn . long . mean. manage . offer . ought. plan . prepare. pretend . promise. refuse. seem. tend. wait . wish. undertake.
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
4)以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。
如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,
pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如：
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.
5)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
二、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to dosth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
三、作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
①It＋be＋名词＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)举例
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
四、作表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定 式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。
五、作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
③Do you have anything to say on the question?
④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：
(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。
(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。
六、作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
他承诺要准时到校用英语6个空
他承诺要准时到校用英语6个空
(1) He promised to reach school punctually
(2) He promised to get to school on time
(3)He made a promise to reach school on time
(4)He committed himself to reaching school punctually
(5) He promised that he would get to school on time
(6) He made a commitment to come to school on schedule.
(1)promise英 [?pr?m?s] 美 [?prɑ:m?s]
vt. 允诺，许诺；给人以…的指望或希望
vi. 许诺；有指望，有前途
n. 许诺；希望，指望；允诺的东西
承诺； 诺言； 保证； 允诺
复数：promises
过去式：promised
过去分词：promised
现在分词：promising
第三人称单数：promises
The post office has promised to resume first class mail delivery to the area on Friday...
邮局承诺于星期五恢复对这个地区第一类邮件的递送。
He had promised that the rich and privileged would no longer get preferential treatment...
他已经保证富人和特权阶层不会再得到优惠待遇。
Promise me you will not waste your time...
答应我，不要浪费自己的时间。
'We'll be back next year,' he promised...
“我们明年会回来的，”他承诺道。
'You promise?' — 'All right, I promise.'
“你保证？”——“好的，我保证。”
In 1920 the great powers promised them an independent state...
1920年，列强承诺让他们成为一个独立的国家。
The officers promise a return to multiparty rule.
这些官员承诺恢复多党统治。
If you make a promise, you should keep it...
如果做出了承诺，就应该遵守。
The program has lived up to its promise to promote family welfare.
这个项目恪守了其改善家庭福利的承诺
While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive.
这次的研讨会不仅会有趣，而且有可能会颇具启发意义。
The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school.
这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力。
(1)commitment英 [k??m?tm?nt] 美 [k??m?tm?nt]
n. 承诺，许诺；委任，委托；致力，献身；承担义务
承诺； 保证； 信奉； 献身
复数：commitments
commitment to the ideals of Bolshevism.
对布尔什维克主义理想的信奉
I've got a lot of commitments... 我承担了很多责任。
Work commitments forced her to uproot herself and her son from Reykjavik.
她的工作迫使她和儿子从雷克雅未克搬走。
We made a commitment to keep working together...
我们承诺继续合作。
They made a commitment to peace.
他们承诺要维护和平。
(2)commit英 [k??m?t] 美 [k??m?t]
vt. 犯罪，做错事；把…托付给；保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）；承诺，使…承担义务 委托； 犯； 提交在脱机模式中所做的更改； 提交
过去式：committed
过去分词：committed
现在分词：committing
第三人称单数：commits
I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays...
我建议大家慎重考虑一下答应周日工作的问题。
I'd like a friendship that might lead to something deeper, but I wouldn't want to commit myself too soon...
我希望拥有一份能进一步发展的友谊，但又不想太快作出承诺。
You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.
你不用在电话里承诺什么。
(1)on schedule
英 [?n ??edju:?l] 美 [ɑn ?sk?d?ul]
按时间表，准时；如期；正点；按计划
按时间表, 准时
I have accomplished the task on schedule.
我按时完成了任务。
(2)punctual英 [?p??kt?u?l] 美 [?p??kt?u?l]
adj. 严守时刻的， 准时的，正点的
He's always very punctual. I'll see if he's here yet.
他总是很准时。我去看看他是否已经来了。
My guest arrived punctually.
我的客人来得很准时。
(3)punctually英 ['p??kt???l?] 美 [?p??kt???l?]
adv. 如期地，准时地；正点
He's always very punctual. I'll see if he's here yet.
他总是很准时。我去看看他是否已经来了
(4)on time
英 [?n taim] 美 [ɑn ta?m]
按时，准时；以分期付款方式；正点；顺时
Don't worry! I shall awake him on time.
不用担心!到时我会叫醒他的。
The alarm clock awoke me on time.
闹钟按时把我闹醒了。
Afraid that I couldn't finish up the work on time, they came to help me.
他们担心我不能按时完成工作, 就来帮助我。
It was an absolute hell trying to get this report finished on time.
按时完成这个报告真是件苦差事。
She made a feeble effort to get to school on time.
她努力想按时赶到学校, 但未成功。