包含representativecrosssection的词条

谁能解释下 QMS、EMS、OHSAS.三大管理体系各代表什么?尽量详细点

质量管理体系QMS:

任何组织都需要管理。当管理与质量有关时，则为质量管理。质量管理是在质量方面指挥和控制组织的协调活动，通常包括制定质量方针、目标以及质量策划、质量控制、质量保证和质量改进等活动。实现质量管理的方针目标，有效地开展各项质量管理活动，必须建立相应的管理体系，这个体系就叫质量管理体系

环境管理体系（EMS，Enviromental Management Systerm):

　根据ISO14001的3．5定义：环境管理体系是一个组织内全面管理体系的组成部分，它包括为制定、实施、实现、评审和保持环境方针所需的组织机构、规划活动、机构职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源。还包括组织的环境方针、目标和指标等管理方面的内容。

可以这样描述环境管理体系：这是一个组织有计划，而且协调动作的管理活动，其中有规范的动作程序，文件化的控制机制。它通过有明确职责、义务的组织结构来贯彻落实，目的在于防止对环境的不利影响。

环境管理体系是一项内部管理工具，旨在帮助组织实现自身设定的环境表现水平，并不断地改进环境行为，不断达到更新更佳的高度。

OHSMS18001（Occupational health and safety management systems-specification）——职业健康安全管理体系—规范 :

职业健康安全管理体系（OHSMS）是20世纪80年代后期在国际上兴起的现代安全生产管理模式，它与ISO9001和ISO14001等标准规定的管理体系一并被称为后工业划时代的管理方法。GB/T28001-2001（OHSAS18001:1999）标准是目前可用于第三方认证的唯一OHSMS标准，该标准为各类组织提供了结构化的运行机制，帮助组织改善安全生产管理，推动职业健康安全和持续改进。

Trilobite communities from the Haichongkou Section

5.3.1 Proagnostus bulbus-Clavagnostus Community

5.3.1.1 Occurrence horizon and chronozone

The community occurs in the lower part of the Huaqiao Formation，its representative chronozone is Proagnostus bulbus Zone（Peng，1999），generally corresponding to the early of the Kushanian in North China（Chu，1959；Lu，1964，1974）.

5.3.1.2 Texture analysis

i）Component and relative abundance of the Community

The community is constituted of 11 genera（species）（see Table 12）.

Table12 Proagnostus bulbus-Clavagnostus Community Data

C=0.1749，D=3.2846，E=1.0140

Table 12 shows that the maximum relative abundance of the community is Proagnostus bulbus（Pi=33.33%），seconded by Clavagnostus sp.（Pi=19.05%）.Then a plot of relative abundance of Proagnostus bulbus-Clavagnostus Community is drawn in Text-figure 19-5.

ii）Dominancy，diversity and equilibrium of the community

The computing，dominancy of the community（C）is 0.1749；diversity（D）is 3.2846；equilibrium（E）is 1.0140.These data show that dominancy is very low，while diversity and equilibrium are higher.

5.3.1.3 Determination of the name of the community

In the community，maximum relative abundance value of Proagnostus bulbus（Pi=33.33%），second is Clavagnostus sp.（Pi=19.05%）.So the community is named Proagnostus bulbus-Clavagnostus Community.

5.3.1.4 Palaeoenvironment of the community

The community belongs to mixed type，the most fossils produced in the grey thick-bedded laminated argillaceous limestone.These rocks comprised richly mud and sand bearing small cyclothems and wave cross-bed，which indicate a turbalence condition.Its higher diversity and equilibrium represent a shallow-sea environment.

5.3.2 Pseudagnostus-L.（E.）sp.Community

5.3.2.1 Occurrence horizon and chronozone

The community occurs in the middle part of the Huaqiao formation，its representative chronozone is Agnostus inexpectans-Proceratopyge protracta Zone（Peng，1999），generally corresponding to the middle of the Changshanian in North China（Chu，1959；Lu，1964，1974）.

5.3.2.2 Texture analysis

i）Component and relative abundance of the Community

The community is constituted of 7 genera（species）Table 13.

Table 13 shows that the maximum relative abundance of the community is Pseudagnostus sp.（Pi=30%），second is Lotagnostus（E.）sp.（Pi=20%）.Based on these data，a plot of relative abundance of Pseudagnostus-L.（E.）sp.is drawn in Text-figure.19-6.

Table13 Pseudagnostus-L.（E.）sp.Community Data

C=0.1800，D=2.6058，E=0.9428

ii）Dominance diversity and equilibrium of the community

Based on the computing，dominancy of the community（C）is 0.1800；diversity（D）is 2.6058；equilibrium（E）is 0.9428.These data show that dominancy is not high，while diversity and equilibrium are high.

5.3.2.3 Determination of the name of the community

In the community，maximum relative abundance value of Pseudagnostus sp.is Pi=33.33%，the second is Lotagnostus（E.）sp.（Pi=20%）.So the community is named as the Pseudagnostus-L.（E.）sp.Community.

5.3.2.4 Palaeoenvironment of the community

The community is dominated by planktonic trilobites，less benthonic type，which assigned to mixed type community，the most fossils produced in the grey thick-bedded laminated argillaceous limestone and argillaceous ribbon limestone.Based on these features.It is proven that the sea-water is relative shallow.

5.3.3 Onchontellus-Corynexochus plumula Community

5.3.3.1 Occurrence horizon and chronozone

The community occurs in the upper part of the Huaqiao formation，its representative chronozone is the Corynexochus plumula-Sinoproceratopyge cf.kiangshanensis Zone to the Rhptagnostus ciliensis—Onchontellus cf.kiangshanensis Zone（Peng，1999），generally corresponding to the late Changshanian in North China（Chu，1959；Lu，1964，1974）.

5.3.3.2 Texture analysis

i）Components and relative abundance of the Community

The community is composed of 13 species（Table 14）.

Table 14 shows that the maximum relative abundance of community is Agnostus sp.（Pi=20%），other species are same.

Table14 Onchontellus cf.kiangshanensis-Corynexochus plumula Community Data

C=0.0928，D=4.4312，E=0.9743

ii）Dominancy，diversity and equilibrium of the community

The computing，dominancy of the community（C）is 0.0928；diversity（D）is 4.4312；equilibrium（E）is 0.9743.These data show that dominancy is very low，while diversity and equilibrium are higher.

5.3.3.3 Determination of the name of the community

In the community，the maximum relative abundance value of Agnostus sp.is Pi=20%，other species are same.But Onchontellus cf.kiangshanensis and Corynexochus plumulahave been recorded in south China.Based on these features，the community is named as the Onchontellus cf.kiangshanensis-Corynexochus plumul Community.

5.3.3.4 Palaeoenvironment of the community

Most of the trilobites in the community are non-agnostoids except Agnostus sp.It is a benthonic type community.These fossils are poorly preserved in medium-to thick-bedded ribbon limestone，laminated limestone and argillaceous limestone.With small cyclothems，a part of fossils are broken broke.Its higher diversity and equilibrium represent a shallow-water with rich oxygen environment.

5.3.4 Koldinioidia（L.）-Euloma（A.）taoyuanensis Community

5.3.4.1 Occurrence horizon and chronozone

The community occurs in the upper part of the Huaqiao formation，its representative chronozone is Archaeuloma taoyuensis-Leiagnostus cf.bexelli Zone（Peng，1999），generally corresponding to middle -late Fengshanian in North China（Chu，1959；Lu，1964，1974）.

5.3.4.2 Texture analysis

i）Component and relative abundance of the Community

The community is constituted of 5 species（Table 15）.

Table 15 shows that there is not maximum abundance in the community.

Table15 Koldinioidia（L.）-Euloma（A.）taoyuanensis Community Date

C=0.2000，D=2.4854，E=1.000

ii）Dominancy，diversity and equilibrium of the community

The computing，dominancy of the community（C）is 0.20；diversity（D）is 2.4854；equilibrium（E）is 1.0000.These data show that dominancy is very low，while diversity and equilibrium are high.

5.3.4.3 Determination of the name of the community

In the community，there are no maximum relative abundance species，Based on each species distribution，the community is named as the Koldinioidia（L.）-Euloma（A.）taoyuanensis Community.

5.3.4.4 Palaeoenvironment of the community

The community is mainly benthonic non-agnostoids trilobites.It has higher diversity and equilibrium and shows that the palaeoenvironment of the community is a shallow-sea with rich oxygen and large hydrodynamic condition，fitting for various benthonic living things.

Summary of palaeoenvironment in the Haichongkou

An overview of the Haichongkou area shows that the rocks there are mainly gray laminated limestone，limestone and argillaceous ribbon limestone.Although mixed in type，each community contains many agnostoids.Based on lithologic and community characteristics this area was probably located on a relatively deep water carbonate basin margin.

高分求英语达人汉译英！急！

Today, I ask you a question, in world war ii, the African continent on all countries became the colonies, only one country except, you know is which of the following countries? You may wonder, how can a powerful Italy native African countries are dozen however. I want to introduce my, through, you will know the answer. Now, let's enjoy a song. Think of this song? Whether very cheerful, no heavy? You can imagine, this is a national anthem? Yes, it is a national anthem, Italy's national anthem.

Italian name of The Italian Republic, "" (see The enemies), is located in The south of Europe, including The peninsula and Sicily, Sardinia, etc. With France, Switzerland, north borders, Austria, Slovenia and three facing south Adriatic things into the Mediterranean.

Let us first into Rome, this is called "the eternal city city", the rise and fall of the Roman empire testimony. When pedestrians in city, still have the spatio-temporal crisscross illusion. The Colosseum in the Italian capital Rome city located in southeast of Venice square, is the symbol of the Roman empire and Rome, is the most outstanding in Roman sites, the most famous representative, in today's world is one of eight places. Fountain, Rome, Italy's biggest city of fountain film Roman holiday in Rome after bodacious more become the most famous fountain. Wishing fountain is final masterpiece, the Pope John kerry baroque door vii (XII) Pope Clemens Solvi Nicola life design took three years to complete, it is the symbol of Rome.

Design and build, spending Solvi for three years to finish, it is the symbol of Rome.

Now, we go to Venice LingLv "watertowns". The beauty of Venice is water and bridge. Today, it is the only city. Unique Venice boat has a unique pointed the name - "just DORA Gondola ()". The lightness of fine, plastic chic boat has a thousand years of history. It has been living in the Venetian lagoon on the car.

We all know that Italy is the birthplace of the Renaissance, specifically in Florence, number. Fiorentina in Italian, means of flowers, xu zhimo was the name as ", "the exquisite FeiLengCui beautiful name down to some fantasy, full of poetic flavour, more the colour and also conforms to the city.

The third cathedral. Flowers cathedral, This is a gothic architecture, high, its external to 106 green, white, red trichromatic marble adornment, architecture, geometry theory applied to build design. Actually, fiorentina just classic beauty, she still has a world famous luxury brand, GUCCI.

Fashion, it must carry mentions milan. Milan and Paris, is calling "fashionable". Milan's fashion week is one of the four famous international fashion week, with bold and decorous, has been considered one of the world's fashion design and consumption trend of the weatherglass.

Finally, we move to Turin, the north Italian capital of a look. At first, the Turin with chocolate, but after world war ii, was born in this group, FIAT (FIAT) all over the world. Maybe you've never heard of lovely fiat 500, but you must have seen the ferrari pageant F1 F2008 usually comes!

Now, you will start to feel the problem? If you live in a classical elegance, fashion, the country has romantic day will not see the blue sky is historic, would you like to go to war? But there is one thing I really is quite strange, is introduced so much, unexpectedly has no applause.

Although the italians not fighting spirit in the battlefield, but it and in another field of incisively and vividly, which is the field? Yes, and football. Four Italy won the World Cup, 1934,1938,1982,2006 four deserves the football. As an Italian fans, I hope she can write brilliancy in 2010!

里面尽量是用高中词汇了...行不行就看你自己认为了

英国国旗的所代表的意义，历史由来?要英文版的哦，请大侠们帮帮忙哦！！！

British flag : Flag known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland : The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland flag M is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the Union Jack flag. The first meters in the Union Jack on April 12, 1606 when England, Scotland and James I of England reunification birth. It is from England, Scotland and St. George's Cross of St. Andrew's cross playwrights. But this banner in the face today is not the flag of dark blue with light blue instead. Wales has been in England since the early conquest surrounded by Eduardo life is a part of England, there is no time on the British flag. Today's word-meter flag was born in January 1, 1801, the British component of the United Kingdom and Ireland. St. Patrick's Irish Red Cross water meters and re-flag banner with the words, and thus the word today meter flag. In fact, the royal family is the first m characters flag banner Even today, and Britain has not recognized by law meters to the British Union Jack flag, but it has no functional difference with the national flag. In 1908 the British Parliament declared that the "rice British Union Jack flag should be considered." British Interior Minister declared that 1933 is "the British flag is the Union Jack." Many of the former British colonies on the Union Jack flag in the upper left corner to meters, to show the relationship with the United Kingdom. Those countries include Australia and New Zealand. The use of the national flag of Canada in 1965, there are meters characters flag designs. Chinese national flag : Before the founding of New China, June 16, 1949, the first preparatory meeting of the CPPCC National Committee meeting, decided to set up a development the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, the program team, which issued Call for Papers. Material on the job one month before the domestic incident in 1920, the 1992 rate design. The candidates have their own national programs, such as the Tan Kah Kee hammer-sickle flag is the flag design; Guo Moruo design of the flag are two long, the birthplace of the Chinese nation symbol of the Yangtze and the Yellow River; Zhu blue rectangular design of the flag to the upper left corner, containing a red five-pointed star, symbol of a clear sky. After careful selection of these images, pictorial issued to elect 38 deputies to increase, so we appraisals. Finalization of the complex pictorial characters No. 32, and Mao Zedong in September 27 to review the first plenary session of the CPPCC National Committee formally adopted for the state flag of the PRC. Zeng Liansong, the designers in front of this flag is an ordinary economic Shanghai workers. The moral is : A Big Star flag to guide the last few small satellite around then, the struggle to form a symbol of power and Gongbei trend, namely, the Communist Party of China Star, a small behalf of the Chinese people, united party and the people from victory to victory. In determining the number of small satellites, he think of Chairman Mao "On People's Democratic Dictatorship" the article said : "Four people, including class, or the working class, peasant class, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie. "So he decided to sing on behalf of four small majority of the people. Since then, the five-star red flag as the official flag of the PRC. Flag reference specifications supporting surface 288cmX192cm flagpole height of 12 meters to 15 meters 1 # 2 # 3 # 192cmX128cm 240cmX160cm 9 meters to 12 meters to 19 meters meters 144cmX96cm 4 # 5 # 4 m to 6 m and 1.5 m to 3 m 96cmX64cm British flag : Flag known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland : The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland flag M is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the Union Jack flag. The first meters in the Union Jack on April 12, 1606 when England, Scotland and James I of England reunification birth. It is from England, Scotland and St. George's Cross of St. Andrew's cross playwrights. But this banner in the face today is not the flag of dark blue with light blue instead. Wales has been in England since the early conquest surrounded by Eduardo life is a part of England, there is no time on the British flag. Today's word-meter flag was born in January 1, 1801, the British component of the United Kingdom and Ireland. St. Patrick's Irish Red Cross water meters and re-flag banner with the words, and thus the word today meter flag. In fact, the royal family is the first m characters flag banner Even today, and Britain has not recognized by law meters to the British Union Jack flag, but it has no functional difference with the national flag. In 1908 the British Parliament declared that the "rice British Union Jack flag should be considered." British Interior Minister declared that 1933 is "the British flag is the Union Jack." Many of the former British colonies on the Union Jack flag in the upper left corner to meters, to show the relationship with the United Kingdom. Those countries include Australia and New Zealand. The use of the national flag of Canada in 1965, there are meters characters flag designs.

用英语介绍国画的代表人物及流派

Song after income was where to draw flowers and birds are the "yellow house system later." Faction】 【Xu, also known as "Alex Wild Ocean", referred to as "Xu sent." One of the famous Chinese painting is also one of the Five Dynasties bird-two major schools. On behalf of the artist for the Southern Tang Xu Xi.

【】 Yellow faction also known as "yellow Quan School", "yellow house rich." China occupies an important position in the history of bird. It is one of the Five Dynasties bird-two major schools, sophisticatedin the Five Dynasties and the yellow Quan, China Everbright's yellow home in the early Song. Wong Quan only high skills, good light check previous melt colored hook concentration techniques, single elevation grid, are the ruling class won the Queen's favorite artist.

His son home, home for its Family-Bao, Song became dominant when the bird factions. Wong Quan artist for the court, wrote many of the unique rock formations, rare birds and bird-rui, fine outline,colors, ink marks do not reveal the so-called "all draw yellow flower, Miao at Colored" (Shen), bear a close resemblance to draw into their health, they have "yellow house rich," said the. Wong represented the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and early Songand the Central Plains, when the style has become a typical bird-house-style body.

Initialdivided into northern and southern factions factions. Landscape in the north have sent the Five Dynasties North Song Dynasty, the master is off the same, Li Cheng, Fan Kuan. Related with the (birth and death unknown) is the Five Dynasties Later Liang artist, Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), and the division Hao, old age has the reputation of the blue. Writing good trend, r.. T Jane Air Zhuang, Jing-Yi Chang less. Writing goodAkiyama, Lin Home, fishing station, such as the city of Mountain View, said "off home landscape."

Schiff for Jinling (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province today) people, although the southern one Pouilly, but noble-chi section, release of uninhibited, like many incumbents, Tingwild flower bamboo, birds-yuan fish, vegetation pest animals are wonderful good fortune to . Flowers by birds, bone-shaped light show, a simple natural, fresh and elegant, original "ink drop method." His works focus on bone outline ink, light color Shih, casual style show, so people with 'wild-Yi Xu Xi, "called. Schiff's pen and ink techniques, a great impact for future generations to Xu Xi Xuout of the Sun and Xu School reputation gradually vibration-hee.

Lee (about 919 ~ 967), Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty artist, Camp Hill (the Shandong Linzi, Changle one said), and the beginning of the division Hao, Guan with, after the reclusive mountain, naturaloften drawSnow, North view of many, small outline, cracked rubbing little, since the backbone of strong, tall and straight draw solid landscape, giving the weather, Kuang Lin sense smoke. Fan Kuan (? ~ 1026), the Northern Song Dynasty artist, the original China (Shaanxi Yaoxian today) people, novice Li Cheng, Hao Ji-law, after the sense of "people with their division, the division is not all good fortune", and finally "self-lessons" . Strong write-hung old hardware, "areWritingtrend, because of pressinglarger.

After Zhang,to Shen Zhou Ming, Fu Chen, Wen Zhengming, Xu Wei and others to develop into a type of ink freehand bird so the bird with the yellow bamboo fish trap to send the two competing against each other, the impact of the Song, Yuan , Ming and Qing Tan more than bird-years. North and South were 【】 "Do not Let Units Set draw designed": "The Zen house has two north-south, when the only sub-Tang; draw 2 of the North and the South, but also Tang hours also, but its non-South-North Human ears.

"Guo Ruoxu" informative picture志"曰: Camp Hill only Lee, Chang Guan with the Chinese original Fan Kuan, Miao-chi入神only higher category, the three-way tripod EMI standard." And that "husbandweather, smoke Kuang Lin, Feng-Ying cents off microscopic ink Act, the Camp Hill is also the system;stone body,Feng-mao, Taiwan Pavilion quaint, leisurely and carefree character who winds also Kwan; rise amid vigorous, strong and powerful V-hung, and looting are all T , housing people who are quality, as also on the Fan.

"Note Lee, Guan, Fan-sheng of the style, sweeping the Qi and Lu, the impact of customs clearance, narrow areas, it is sent to the north of the master landscape. Send】 【South landscape known as" landscape southern faction. "One of the Chinese schools draw.initial sub-factions and southern factions in the north. Southern landscape represented in the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty produced between. master to Dong Yuan, Ju Ran. Dong Yuan (? ~ 926) for the Five Dynasties Nantang artist,up,(now the Northwest Jiangxi Jinxian ) people.

"This is the Ming Dynasty art Tang Yuan Dong Qichang put the well-known from the home landscape is divided into two factions, said the North-South issue, therefore, studied under the guidance of the evolution of house and landscape are not in line with the historical facts, and there is"Southern "derogatory" North "of Italy. Ming particularlysaid: "Lee sent board small, poor morale; Wang and send virtual. "At the time, and Dong Qichangand referred to as the" Dong Chen ", in the painting is the reputation, so chime in late Ming and early Qing painting rallied together, exert a great influence to the formation of a""to" orthodox "view. 【North】 landscape represented Chinese schools draw one.

Kui Ran (birth and death unknown) artist for the Five Dynasties and early Song, Jiangning (now Nanjing) people. Nantang death to Kaifeng for Kaiyuan monks. Dong Yuan landscape painting teachers, but also drawgood weather and beautiful scenerysouth of the Yangtze River. Northern Song Shen, "Meng Xi Bi Tan" said: "Dong Yuan, thevision of many Jiangnan Writing-san, not the gas; Jianye Monk Dong Kui Ranlaw, are attained." Mi Fu "painting" are also said: "The innocent plain Dong Yuan, Tang no goods.

Yi Dynasty in the main, after the then Court (that is, Beiyuan), especially the Public Landscape, Writing Jiangnan landscape, no mountains screen overlapping peaks, steep hills rock, but which rise amid, Lin extravagant smoke,Hidden category, the performance of the plain of innocent fun. Composition methods, pen and ink techniques to shape the southern scenery are also innovative. And the North Circular is not the same landscape.

Lin Ming Confucianism has been the subject of "Huzhou Penny" and referred to the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty artist since there are as many as 25 people. Due to the same text in Huzhou (Zhejiang Wuxing this) as in full, it said. Yuan Zhang Maizhokunggar think back at theXuanzong,, Wang Wei, Li,also good. Bai has been the subject of "Break" Chan Siu. And to text Dajin with bamboo, the's life. "Picture of knowledge-chi," said: "good draw Maizhokunggar, the Tzu-fu cool.

Changzhou artist has been painting since the Song together. Homemonks began in the Northern Song Ning Ning Homemay play all the way ink is a Buddhist temple. Green made the Southern Song Dynasty Yuanchu, Works Road, grandparent and grandchild in the Netherlands is known to draw. Ming Sun Longde throwing good draw frehand flower color. Tang to the Qing Dynasty in the light "Flower" and Yun Shou-ping's "Peony Yun" as the well-known. Changzhou flowers to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak. Yun Tang's for real source.

Wu million people to gather and study the text of the Song and Yuan artist techniquesBiography, into "the text of Huzhou Penny faction" book 1, where 25 people. 【School】 Changzhou also known as School", "Wujin School." Chinese schools draw one. Changzhou (Jiangsu, this is a) the ancient name, Wujin, it is also called the "School", "Wujin School." This allocation to flowers, paintingto win.flowers, do not have to set out the ink line, color painted directly.in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao's not bone.

"Su Shicalled" a bamboo in the chest "of who to bamboo to bamboo from my Fengshen. Su Shi, or for the bamboo, the self-proclaimed" sent Huzhou. "But that" the timeMerry , has its own style of oldrelease was painting bamboo faction known as the ancestor of Huzhou.become a common practice in the Yuan Dynasty. Million later, Li, Wu, Ke Jiusi for the thread, such as rehabilitation.

"This sent to Dong Yuan and Ju Ran to master, the Bank said," Dong Ju. "Father and son Mi Fu" Yunshan to send rice, "the scenery along the draw Jingkou, showing what's new for this camp.末法often the Southern Song Dynasty (grazing Creek), and if the fun (Jade Stream), etc., are the draw system of the South, to the Yuan Dynasty and Dasheng. Huzhou Penny sent】 【Chinese schools draw one. this performance sent to Penny for the object, with a Song, So try to represent, especially in text with The most well known.

Yun Shou-ping made taste, "Ms Tang horse with a disability (in light of its) Advantech think painting, each work of Wong Li Quan too, not off portrait of Zhao, Xu Xi point no track available, probably not take it," Yun Tang Flower Painting, more a sense of dense, Xuare not the inheritors of bone.draw more than people who are, are to send this. 【Rice sent one of Chinese schools draw. Mi Fu refers to the Song Dynasty, the ricedraw father and son. Draw the history of the "rice," rice "or the" two meter. "

"Two meter" Yangyang and Zhenjiang ranks of Shaw, Gordon and the dihydrate, two Shan Jiao intoxicated natural beauty in particular. So 'two rice' landscape in many Yunshan, Ji Yu, smoke as a theme, just to ink contrast with cross-point pen into a horizontal surface of the block to "get off the eggplant law," the performance of misty rain clouds, confused fantasy of memorabilia and souvenirs, the Bank said that "meter point of landscape "," Michaelis Yunshan ", is a great freehand ink. Creek grazing in the Southern Song Dynastyhigh, square etc from the division of justice, a great impact on future generations.

Zhejiang School, Jiangxia camp has a well-known artist Zhang road, three-song Jiang, Xie Shu-chen, and other blue-ying. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Wu faction rise to dominate the art world. To the late Ming and "Zhejiang School" is no longer seen in the painting. Send】 【Huangshan also known as "School of Huangshan." Chinese schools draw one. Xuancheng in the early Qing Dynasty (this is in Anhui) Euroglyphus a direct descendant. They arein, Mei House, as well as the Shi Tao Xuancheng.

Mi Fu Dong Yuan draw from the landscape to change, add profile hooks cracked breakthrough of traditional techniques, many点染with ink, but not work fine, since that "for the letter T, with many clouds trees Hidden stone, may have been intended." Friends of the sub-meter Hui (1074 ~ 1153), character-hui, the elderly in old age and hence its lazy, art degree, the development of the rice landscape management techniques, "a little change of its respect for the people, into a law," Writing with ink spots smoke Luan Wang Shu-yun , advocating plain innocent,the grass, the self-proclaimed "show ink.

Landscape due to the impact of sub-cases, said that the faction is the very process of the Southern Song style, to stones,, subtle and attention to taste famous ink painting. Lease Ming Tang says: "Suzhou reasoning draw, draw on the sum of Songjiang." ( "Critical of painting") to send the development of Songjiang peak time when the door-to-door to replace Wu, in the late Ming and early Qing as the painting was authentic. 】 【Zhejiang School also known as "Zhejiang School." Chinese schools draw one. Dai Ming Dynasty into the artist to create a major. Dai Jin (1388 ~ 1462), the word text into static No. Um, but also its山人Yuquan.

Mi Fu also said that to this end created to send his son to inherit the development of rice. Send】 【Songjiang also known as "Songjiang School." Chinese schools draw one. Jiang late Mingsong House rule (this is in Shanghai) to send three of the general term for landscape painting. The first is to the left, led by Zhao, referred to as the "School苏松"; two rechargeable led by Shen, hereinafter referred to as "inter-Cloud School"; are three generation子侄Gu Zhengyi and its representatives, hereinafter referred to as "Huating School."

Qiantang (present Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. Painting by Li Tang,a great influence on Ma Yuan, the Southern Song Painting Academyphysical. Good landscape, figures, flowers,, Painting high fashion, from many scholars, has gradually formed a "Zhejiang School." After Jiangxia (now Wuchang, Hubei) Human Wu (1459 ~ 1508), and then learn to wear more rough, and there is a lot of people to track his style, but also the formation of the Zhejiang branch of faction "Jiangxia to send."

【Yushan】 faction known as "Yushan School." Chinese schools draw one. Wang Qing Dynasty landscape painting, one after another teacher, Wang Jian, Wang Shi-min, carefully copying ancient works, and the Song and Yuan Dynasties frommasters, usually with the Friends of Painting Yun Shou-ping learn. Yesaint (Kangxi emperor), he has presided over the draw life "southern tour map" giant structure, and gift book, "Landscape Hui-ching) words, reputation benefits, and draw it in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Inter-sheng.

His main students have YANG, Gu, the study, such as Kennedy. Wang for the people of Jiangsu Changshu, Changshu Yushan have, because there is "Yushan School" of. Tsung its ancient culture, a significant impact on the Qing Dynasty landscape painting. Wu martial】 【also known as "Wu School." Chinese schools draw one. Ming Shen Zhou Wen Zhengming their students, advocating the Northern Song Dynasty landscape painting and the Yuan Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty"Zhejiang School" style.

It is prevalent in the mid-Ming, from the very public and scholars. Well-known text has, Chia-wen, Chen Fu, land administration, such as money-yi. They are all people of Suzhou Prefecture, Suzhou alias "Wu", it said. Wu martial art world at that time occupied an important place. 】 【Lingnan school also known as "the Lingnan School." Chinese schools draw one. Guangdong is located south of Five Ridges. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, here no less than thousands of artist.

Shi Tao Farmington original relief, early hi landscape, Lushan Gordon repeated Huangshan from Places of interest, set at ten Xuancheng with Euroglyphus, wearing the contacts, such as filial piety. These divisions not only good fortune and ancient division of the artist and influence to draw the famous Huangshan Mountain, so called "Huangshan to send." School principal and teacher Xin'an Huangshan, Huangshan it into someone that School, but the style and "Huangshan sent" different, as Zhejiang and its own unique features and mysterious way, it was to be placed within the "School of Huangshan," is mistaken.

One of and "inter-cloud faction" are derived from Xu, Zhaoleft and Jin Xu same division, the division sufficientShen Jin, and Zhao left the division. SONG Xu-artist in addition to these, the people are the Songjiang Prefecture. Styles influence each other, so called "Songjiang send." Although this activity represented in the Songjiang district, but are in fact represented a continuation of Wu, the creative writers to the peak draw. For the actual head of Dong Qichang.

To create a style of the Lingnan area are well-known artist Ming Liang. Draw him good fruit,simple shading pale, delicate preparation, see, often forink areas, wild mallardcapacity of the state, there is caused by light. Its ink birds, trees stone indulgence writing a nutshell, flymove, there is the cursive type, color flexibility.

Buddha has"Buddha draw the progenitor" of reputation. Exquisite Kaizhi him in the painting, portraits, animals, landscape everything works. Act as well as its delicate brush, portrays the forces of continuity,such as silk, rich sense of rhythm.

And inherited the body of the Southern Song Painting Academy, was a decent opening of another group, Institute for the Ming Dynasty bird body representative of the Lingnan School is a pioneer in modern times. Law in its majestic high, Chen, following from there Lai Chien, LI Kui, etc.. Suhave six friends, Su Changchun good figures, there is Juchao end of the Qing Dynasty, ranking Lian brothers learn Yun Shou-ping, good insects, fish, flowers and birds. Panyu people Gao modern, high-Qi and Chen studied at an average annual home early Lian.

Gao and Chen's three brothers had studied in Japan, study Painting, the introduction of Western painting techniques, many subjects to write works of folk music in southern China. In the use of traditional Chinese painting techniques, based on the integration of Japan and South Western painting draw, pay attention to painting, creating a bright and colorful, full of water dripping, softstyle uniform.

Probe into the good landalso landscape vegetation figures "show as bone-ching," "If fear is fear of the gods" continuous gesture more vigorous tall and straight, its the "dense body", Zhang Monk forced labor very good long draw, there is "not long draw clear point, point toward the" legend. The creation of a more typical plump, draw "Female yao ladies, short and noodle-yan." ZHANG Huai-Tang Dynasty Six Dynasties draw commentary that: "Sheet (monks forced labor) who have lent their meat, Lu (Research) who have lent their bones, Gu (Kaizhi) God-win." Draw the Six Dynasties rare, especially in Cao will not be any trace of non-depositors. Open draw of the Sui and Tang Dynasties Six Dynasties style of the Yan-li, a greater impact.

later said: "Tang, Liu Song, the Ma Yuan, Xia, the U.S. has four Nandu." Ugly Zhang said: "Liu Song Southern Song Dynasty was the winner, Li Tang, Ma Yuan, Xia times." Tai-order is said: "Liu, Li, Ma, all the summer weight-bearing, while Lee, the best horse." All in all four of the Southern Song dynasty ruled over a hundred years the Southern Song Dynasty landscape painting altar. Draw their history, style to add brilliance, celebrities through the ages.

Tang later years such as a "bigcracked" law, the representative has "Matsukaze map" and so on. Liu Song was called "LIU Qing-bo", "Liu unlicensed prostitute", the representative has "four Jingshan water" and so on. Draw him away horse known as: "Horse of the iceberg." Representative has "plans," "water plan" and so on. Xia, Ma Yuan and his style similar to that "horse, summer," known as the draw for him, "half the summer", the representative has "Mountain Qingyuan map" and so on.

In particular, the rich are a new feature Nanling Chinese School, Chinese and Western painting from its long, melt draw scholars and craftsmen in one draw, it is also called the "compromise" and the "new painting sent." Chan Shu Gao and his brothers were known as the "Lingnan kit", the Guangzhou region the impact of a large painting. 【4】 Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties Dongwu Cao out of fashion, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Gu Kaizhi, Southern Song Dynasty Lu, Liang Zhang Monk Southern four collectively known as forced labor. Cao will not be any good at painting a tiger, horse, dragon, Buddhist figures, for the huge portrait, hand-min heart operation, click is needed for a moment.

谁能给我一份商务英语缩略语表？？

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：

1. 拿掉所有元音

MKT=market

MGR=manager

MSG=message

STD=standard

RCV=receive

2. 保留前几个字母

INFO=information

INS=insurance

EXCH=exchange

I owe you=IOU

Instead of=I/O

3. 保留开头和结尾个发音字母

WK=week

RM=room

PL=people

4. 根据发音

R=are

THO=though

THRU=through

高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表

APT=Apartment

ACC=Accountant

ACDG=According

ACPT=Accept

AD=Advertisement

ADS=Address

ADV=Advice

AMAP=Asmuch/manyaspossible

AMT=Amount

APV=Approve

ASAP=As soon as possible

BAL=Balance

BLDG=Building

CERT=Certificate

CFM=Conform

CNCL=Cancel

CNF=Conference

CMI=Commission

CMP=Complete

CMPE=Compete/competitive

CMU=Communication

CONC=Concern/concerning/concerned

COND=Condition

CO.=Company

DEPT=Department

DISC=Discount

DPT=Departure

EXCH=Exchange

EXPLN=Explain

EXT=Extent

FLT=Flight

FNT=Final

FRT=Freight

FYR=For your reference

GD=Good

GUAR=Guarantee

H.O.=Home office

INFO=Information

IMPS=Impossible

IMP(T)=Important

INCD=Include

INDIV=Individual

INS=Insurance

INTST=Interested

I/O=Instead of

IOU=I owe you

IVO=In view of

MANUF=Manufacture

MDL=Model

MEMO=Memorandum

MGR=Manger

MIN=Minimum

MKT=Market

MSG=Message

NCRY=Necessary

NLT=No later than

OBS=Observe

OBT=Obtain

ORD=Ordinary

PAT=Patent

PC=Piece

PKG=Packing

PL=People

PLS=Please

POSN=Position

POSS(BL)=Possible

PROD=Product

QLTY=Quality

QUTY=Quantity

RCV=Receive

REF=Reference

REGL=Regular

REP=Representative

RESN=Reservation

RPT=Repeat

RESPON=Responsible

SEC=Section

SITN=Situation

STD=Standard

TEL=Telephone

TEMP=Temporary

TGM=Telegraph

THO=Though

TKS=Thanks

TRD=Trade

TRF=Traffic

TTL=Total

U=You

UR=Your

WK=Week

WL=Will

WT=Weight

XL=Extra large

字母、图像

Z表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。

C表示政府，统治：government，govern希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern,government。governmentalofficial可以表示为CZ

P表示政治：politics,political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示为PZ

E表示总数：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect.E数学符号表示总值。

G表示效率：efficient,effective。G为效率符号。

Q表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A表示农业:agriculture.agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B表示商业：business。

C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，职业:work,employ等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。

i表示工业:industry,industrial字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

UU看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty,agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）,填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m(multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。

O表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country,state,nation,etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口

这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair,host,presideover。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.

T表示"领导人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示为CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery有关的词汇。

O圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表示开心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.

L表示不满、生气unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表示听到、总所周之：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,etc.

O表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcaremuch,etc四、数学符号

+表示"多":many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++(+2)表示"多"的比较级：more

+3表示"多"的最高级：most

－表示"少":little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.

×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative,etc.

表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

表示"高"概念：superiorto，surpass,etc.

表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.

表示"低"概念：inferiorto，etc.

=表示"同等"概念：means，thatistosay，inotherwords，thesameas，beequalto,etc.

表示"对手"概念：amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.

()表示"在......之间"：among,within,etc.

≠表示"不同"概念：bedifferentfrom,etc.

表示"无敌"概念：matchless,peerless,etc.

～表示"大约"概念：about/around，orso，approximately,etc.

/表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：crossout,eliminate,etc.

标点

:表示各种各样"说"的动词：say,speak,talk,marks,announce,declare,etc.

?表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?

.(dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday,".y"表示lastyear,".2m"表示twomonthago。"y"表示thisyear,"y2."twoyearlater"nextweek",可以表示为"wk."

∧表示转折

√表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.

表示"同意"状态，standupfor，support，agreewithsb,certain/affirmative,etc.

☆表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.

n表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual,etc.

表示"和"，"与"：and，togetherwith，alongwith，accompany，alongwith，furthermore，etc.

‖表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bringsthtoastandstill/stop,etc.

较长单词的处理办法

-ism简写为m例如：socialismSm

-tion简简写为n例如：standardization(标准化)stdn

-cian简简写为o例如：techniciantecho

-ing简写为g例如：marketing(市场营销)MKTg

常见英文缩略词

AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写，逆境商数，指一个人处理逆境的能力。

ATM英文Automatic Teller Machine的缩写，即自动柜员机，又称自动取款机。

BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写，公告牌系统或电子公告板。

BSS英文Base Station System的缩写，即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分。

CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写，即中国康复医学会。

CATV英文Cable Television的缩写，即有线电视。

CBD英文Central Business District的缩写，又称中央商务区。

CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写，即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。

CD-ROM英文Compact Cisk- Read Only Memory的缩写，即光盘只读存储器，也就是人们常说的光驱。

CEO英文Chief Enective Officer的缩写，即首席执行官。

CET英文College English Test的缩写，即大学英语测试。

CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写，即首席财务主管。

CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写，即外国护士毕业生委员会。

CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写，即首席沟通主管，主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。

DhinaNET英文Chian Network的缩写，即中国公用计算机网，它是政府建立的计算机网络之一，与之相对应的有中国教育网等。

CI英文Corporate Identity的缩写，即企业形象统一战略，指对企业的独特性和目标加以明确化和统一化，并在企业内外公众之中为建立这种印象而开展的有组织的活动。

CID英文Central Information District的缩写，即中央信息区。

CIO英文Chif Information Officer的缩写，即首席信息主管，国内某些机构也称信息中心主任。它是企业信息化发展到一定程度的必然产物，基本上代表企业的信息化程度。

CA英文Certified Public Accountant的缩写，即注册会计师，指依法取得注册资金会计师证书并接受委托，从事审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务的执业人员。

CPI英文Consumer Price Index的缩写，即全国居民消费价格指数。

CPU英文Central Processing Unit的缩写，又称微处理器，由集成度较高的集成电路芯片组成的大规模和超大规模集成电路，包括运算器和控制器两部分。

CS英文customer satisfaction的缩写，指企业为了使顾客完全满意自己的产品或服务，综合、客观地测定顾客的满意程度，并根据调查分析结果，促使整个企业一体来改善产品、服务及企业文化的一种经营战略。

CSCL英文computer-supported Collaborative Learning的缩写，是一种利用计算机技术(尤其是多媒体网络技术)来辅助和支持的协作学习。

CTO英文Chief Technology Officer的缩写，即首席技术主管。

DDN英文Digital Data Network的缩写，即数字数据网。

DHL英文DHL Worldwide Express 即国际航空速递巨头——敦豪环球速递公司。

DOS英文Dis Opening System的缩写，又称磁盘操作系统。

DV英文Digital Vedio的缩写，即数码摄像，现又多指由个人制作的数字影像作品。

E-Book以电子版的方式在互联网上出版发行的书籍。

E-Learning又称On-Line Learning，即在线学习，一种网络时代的学习方式。

E-MAIL电子邮件，这是一种利用Internet网交换文字信息的交互式服务，全世界Internet用户可以互相发送和接收电子邮件。

EMBA英文Executive Mster of Business Administration的缩写，即高级经理工商管理硕士，是面向企业和政府经济管理部门高级管理人员的硕士层次的管理教育，国外又称“总裁班”。

EPD英文Eviroment People and development的缩写，意为环境人口与可持续发展教育，是联合国教科文组织的跨学科项目。

EQ英文Emotional Quotient的缩写，即情商，又称情绪智力，是近年来心理学家提出的与智力和智商相对应的概念。它主要是指人在情绪、情感、意志、耐受挫折等方面的品质。

EVA英文Economic Value Added的缩写，即经济增加值，指在扣除产生利润而投资的资本的成本之后所剩下的利润。

FUN新型的家庭生活方式，也就是现代健康家庭的三个要素：F代表健身，U代表和谐，N代表营养。

GDP英文Gross Domestic Product的缩写，即国内生产总值。

GMAT英文Graduate Management Admission的缩写，即管理类专业的研究生入学考试。

GNP英文Gross National Product的缩写，即国民生产总值，指在一定时期内一国各部门所提供的产品和劳务的价值总和，是反映一国经济状况的综合性指标。

GPS英文Global Position System的缩写，即全球定位系统，为国际上使用的定位系统。该系统通过卫星发射标准时间信息和精确的经纬度地点信息，通过GPS终端可以接收这些信息。

GRE英文Graduate Record Examamination的缩写，由美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）主办的美国硕士研究生入学资格考试。美国和加拿大的大多数研究生院要求申请者有GRE成绩，作为评定申请者能力的可靠依据。

GSM英文Grabal Record Examination的缩写，是全球移动通信系统无线系统的一种通讯制式，使用时隙来区分无线信道。起源于欧洲，目前是世界上使用最广泛的一种无线通讯制式。

HDCD英文High Definition Compact Disc的缩写，即高清晰的CD的简称，是当今唱片业制作技术发展的最新、最高科技的代表。

HDTV英文High definition Television的缩写，即高清晰度数字电视。

HTTP英文Hyper Text Transfer Protocol的缩写，即超文本传输协议。

IBM英文Internetional Business Machine的缩写，即国际商用机器公司，是美国的跨国企业，其业务几乎涉足所有信息行业，尤其以计算机产品著名。

ICP英文Internet Content Provider的缩写，是互联网内容提供商指定为互联网提供实际内容的实体。

Internet为Internet net的简写，即因特网，又称国际互联网。

ISND英文Integrated service Digital Network的缩写，即综合业务数字网。1972年CCITT提出这一概念。80年代初实现了用户线数字传输技术人实用化。

ISO英文InternationalOrganization for Standardization的缩写，国际标准化组织，是制定和管理各种标准的国际化组织。

ITU英文International Telecommunication Union的缩写，是国际电信联盟国际上的电信标准制定的管理机构，绝大多数的通讯标准都要经过它的认可或制定。其前身是CCITT。

MBA英文Mater of Business Administration的缩写，即工商管理硕士专业学位。

MMS英文Multimedia Messaging Service的缩写，即多媒体信息服务。

MODEM英文Modulator Demodulator的缩写，即调制解调器。

MPA英文Mster of Public Administration的缩写，即公共管理硕士。

MS英文Mobile Station的缩写，即移动系统终端，也就是通常所说的手机。

MSC英文Mobile Switch Center的缩写，即移动交换中心，指移动通信系统中的交换部分，其功能主要是完成信令和话路交换、移动性管理、漫游管理等。

NMD英文National Missile Defense的缩写，即国家导弹防御计划。

OEM英文Original Equipment Manufacturer的缩写，即原始设备制造商。

OICQ英文Open ICQ的缩写(ICQ为英文I See You的谐音)，简称QQ，是目前流行的一种网上聊天软件。

OTC英文Over the Counter的缩写，即非处方药。

PETS英文Public English Test System缩写，即全国公共英语等级考试。

PDA英文Personal Digital Assistant的缩写，字面意思是“个人数字助理”。

PMP英文Project Management Professional的缩写，即项目管理专业人员资格认证。

PNIR英文Perfomanent Normal Trade Relationship的缩写，即永久正常贸易关系。

PSIN英文Public Switch Telephone Network的缩写，是“公用电话交换网”的通俗说法。

SC英文Security Council的缩写，即联合国的“安全理事会”，简称“安理会”

SMS英文Short Message Servince的缩写，指移动数据通讯中的短消息业务。

TOEFL英文Test of English As a foreign Language的缩写，即“托福”。

TOPE英文Test of Spoken Professional English的缩写，即ETS职业英语考试。

TSE英文Test of Spoken English的缩写，即英语口语考试，是美国教育考试服务中心为非英语国家的学生提供的英语口语水平考试，主要测验考生的口语能力。

UP英文Universal Postal Union的缩写，即万国邮政联盟。

USB英文Univeral Serial Bus的缩写，即通用串口总线。

WPS英文Word Processing System的缩写，一种集编辑、排版和打印一体的汉字处理系统。

WTP英文Wold Trade Organization的缩写，即世界贸易组织。

(WWW ) World Wide Web的缩写，即全球网，又称万维网。