poleday什么意思(poopay)

pole基因突变是什么意思

POLE基因是个什么

人体大概有2万多个基因，POLE基因是其中一个。

人类基因组中至少有15种DNA聚合酶,共 同参与基因组的复制与修复。根据基因的同源 性,DNA聚合酶可分为7个家族,分别为:A、 B、C、D、X、Y和RT家族。

DNA聚合酶ε(DNA polymerase epsilon,polε)与polα、polδ、polζ同属 于DNA聚合酶B家族。DNA聚合酶ε的催化亚基(catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon,POLE)是polε的核心, 具有两种催化活性,一是以DNA为模板的聚合酶 活性,负责DNA新链的复制延长;二是核酸外切 酶区的校正活性,负责对错配碱基进行识别和修 复。其中,校正活性的结构称为POLE的核酸外切 酶区(exonuclease domain of POLE,POLE-exo*), 具有3'→5'核酸外切酶活性,能够及时识别并切除??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????复制过程中产生的错误碱基。编码POLE核酸外 切酶区的基因突变(exonuclease domain mutations of POLE,POLE-EDMs)将导致校正功能缺失, 导致突变的基因在细胞中大量累积。近年来在子 宫内膜样癌、结肠癌等多种肿瘤中检测出POLE- EDMs,表现出独特的分子表型,预后较好,因此 检测POLE核酸外切酶区是否存在突变有望成为判 断肿瘤预后的有用指标。

POLE 的复制功能

在真核生物细胞周期的复制叉处,polε、polα和polδ一起负责DNA新链复制。复制过程中,polα先与引物酶结合,在DNA模板上分别合成出前导 链(leading strand)和随从链(lagging strand)RNA引 物,并延长出一段DNA短链,随后由polε与polδ分 别负责前导链和随从链的延长[6]。DNA聚合酶ε能 够准确地选择与模板链互补的碱基延长DNA链。

POLE 基因的校正功能

细胞复制的准确性称为细胞复制的保真性。

细胞的高保真复制对机体的各项生命活动至关重 要,能够维持亲代遗传性状的稳定遗传、保证机 体正常生长发育、防止肿瘤发生发展。

DNA聚合酶的校正功能主要依赖于POLE的3'→5'核酸外切酶区域,对复制错误单链DNA进行 校正修复。校正首先依靠聚合酶的识别作用,对 聚合酶活性位点上的碱基进行识别,发现错配的 碱基。然后形成核酸外切酶复合物,使引物的3'末 端与模板链分离,并从聚合酶活性位点引到核酸 外切酶位点上,移除错配碱基后,再将引物末端 移回聚合酶活性位点上,继续DNA的复制过。

Polε缺乏B家族聚合酶的β发卡环结构(β-hairpin loop),此结构是B家族保证高保真复制的重要结 构。应用X射线晶体衍射技术,Hogg等[9]对酵母DNA聚合酶ε的三维结构进行观察,发现在掌样 区中一个能替代β发夹结构的区域,命名为P区(P domain),使得polε能够环绕新生的双链DNA, 帮助DNA链在两个位点间切换而不脱落,保证了polε复制的高效性和高保真性。

当polε的核酸外切酶区发生突变时,DNA复制 过程中突变率将升高10~100倍[10]。Albertson等应 用基因同源重组将突变引入POLE核酸外切酶区, 对比POLE核酸外切酶区纯合性突变的小鼠与野生 型和杂合性突变小鼠的体细胞突变率,发现POLE POLE 突变在肿瘤发生发展中的作用 黄茜,等纯合性突变会导致小鼠基因组体细胞突变增加,使 得小鼠散发性肿瘤发生率增高,主要为小肠腺瘤或 腺癌,中位生存年龄远低于POLE野生型小鼠,而 杂合性POLE突变小鼠与POLE野生型小鼠存活率 无差别,说明在小鼠中POLE突变在纯合性缺失时 对校正功能的影响最大。

另一项研究认为POLE突变与校正缺失无关。 人类结直肠腺癌最常见的POLE核酸外切酶区突 变为P286R突变,酵母中相似的位点为P301R突变(Pol2-P301R),而缺失催化亚基的酵母(pol2-4)其校 正功能缺失。Kane等[12]对比P301R突变(Pol2-P301R)和催化亚基缺失的酵母(pol2-4)后,发现Pol2-P301R酵母的突变负荷比pol2-4高50倍。因此认为POLE突 变所致的保真度下降与校正功能缺失无关。

poleward是什么意思及用法

poleward

单词音标:

英 ['p??lw?d] 美 ['po?lw?d]

单词词义:

adj.向南（或北）极的，向极的

日出相关的英文短句

1. 求几个描写日出的英文句子,尽量简单

Taishan sunrise is one of Taishan's most spectacular landscapes, as the dawn is breaking, the standing Daiding overlooking the East, a gleam of dawn by a yellowish grey, and the yellow into orange. And the clouds in the sky, red purple Jiao Hui, vary from minute to minute, the clouds and the horizon of the vast sea of clouds com., like a huge oil painting drop from the clouds. The floating light shine gold sea, sun opened curtains, raised the Xia account, in colorful clothes, like a floating lanterns, rising in the horizon, an instant, the golden rays of the peaks, make dye, a good school of magnificent and wonderful sea sunrise.。

2. 英语写作日出

During the May Day holiday, my parents and I climbed Mount Tai. We were lucky that it was fine that day and we were able to see the sunrise.

At 4:30 in the morning we were already,on the top, waiting for the sun to rise.First a bit of pale ray appeared in the east, then it became brighter and brighter. An orange top of a cap rose little by little from the sea. Suddenly, the sun sprang out of the seawater, looking like a large elliptic ball, and the sky in the east became red. Later, the sun was hidden behind a piece of cloud. When it appeared again, the sun changed from red to bright red, then to golden. AS it rose it became silvery white and shone out. The light was so strong that we could't look at it directly.At that time,the whole mountain was in the golden sunlight.

日出

五一长假期间，我和父母登上了泰山。彳艮幸运，那天天气晴朗，我们看到了日出。

早晨四点半，我们已经爬上了山顶，等待太阳的升起。首先，一抹淡白出现在东方，然后渐渐变得明亮。一轮橘黄色的帽顶慢慢从海上升起，突然太阳喷薄而出，看上去像一个椭圆形大球；东方的天空布满朝霞。后'采，太阳躲在了一片云后，当它再次露出脸庞，由鲜红变为金黄。随着太阳升起，它变成银白色，放出耀眼的光芒，我们不敢直视。这时，整座山沐浴在金色的阳光之中。

3. 英语作文日出

I once saw sunrise. I was very amazing and beautiful. The night before, we lived in the top of mountain. About 4 p.m., we went out of the tent. It was so dark outside that we could not see anything. I was very quiet and seemed that everything was sleeping. About twenty minutes, the sky turned to white slowly. And we can see the outline of mountains. Suddenly, the clouds turned to brighten and slowly, the sun rised slowly. It was red, but after it appeared totally, it became golden. Its light irradiated to everywhere. The sky was totally golden and it was really beautiful.。

4. 英语小短文（有关日出日落）

Although the Sun remains in a relatively fixed position with respect to the solar system, Earth rotates daily and revolves around the Sun once a year. The rotations are around an imaginary pole that cuts through the center of the planet in the north-south direction. If you could look down on Earth from above the North Pole, you would see the planet spinning counterclockwise.Every 24 hours, Earth completes one rotation. With each rotation, most locations on Earth alternately experience day and night. Because Earth is spherical, about half the planet is illuminated by the Sun at any given time. The portion of Earth facing toward the Sun experiences daytime, while the portion facing away from the Sun experiences nighttime. As a location rotates into sunlight, observers from that location see the Sun appear to rise in the east. Similarly, as a location rotates into darkness, observers see the Sun appear to set in the west.The length of daylight during each rotation is not constant throughout the year. Because Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees, the relative position of the axis in regard to the Sun changes as Earth orbits, resulting in day and night and the seasons. For example, when the North Pole is pointed towards the Sun, the northern hemisphere experiences summer, and locations in the northern hemisphere have longer days than locations in the southern hemisphere. Most people in the northern hemisphere see the Sun appear to rise early, reach high above the horizon during midday, and set late in the evening. In a phenomenon called the "midnight sun," locations very close to the North Pole can remain in sunlight continuously because the Sun never sets. Alternatively, people in the southern hemisphere experience winter during the northern hemisphere summer. To observers in the southern hemisphere, the Sun appears to rise later, remain low near the horizon, and set earlier.Sunrises and sunsets are an everyday reminder of Earth's motion. Their beautiful colors are due to a physical phenomenon called scattering, in which sunlight is scattered by the particles in Earth's atmosphere. Because Earth is spherical, sunlight must travel through more of the atmosphere when the Sun is near the horizon, such as at sunrise or sunset. The more air the light travels through, the more scattering will occur. Therefore, shorter wavelengths of light are more easily scattered when the Sun is near the horizon. By the time the light reaches your eyes, the atmosphere has scattered most of the colors except for the long wavelengths such as red and orange.。

5. 求对泰山日出的英文描写

Taishan sunrise is one of Taishan's most spectacular landscapes, as the dawn is breaking, the standing Daiding overlooking the East, a gleam of dawn by a yellowish grey, and the yellow into orange. And the clouds in the sky, red purple Jiao Hui, vary from minute to minute, the clouds and the horizon of the vast sea of clouds com., like a huge oil painting drop from the clouds. The floating light shine gold sea, sun opened curtains, raised the Xia account, in colorful clothes, like a floating lanterns, rising in the horizon, an instant, the golden rays of the peaks, make dye, a good school of magnificent and wonderful sea sunrise.

泰山日出是泰山最壮观的奇景之一，当黎明时分，游人站在岱顶举目远眺东方，一线晨曦由灰暗变成淡黄，又由淡黄变成橘红。而天空的云朵，红紫交辉， 瞬息万变，漫天彩霞与地平线上的茫茫云海融为一体，犹如巨幅油画从天而降。浮光耀金的海面上，日轮掀开了云幕，撩开了霞帐，披着五彩霓裳，象一个飘荡的宫灯，冉冉升起在天际，须臾间，金光四射，群峰尽染，好一派壮观而神奇的海上日出。

6. 看日出.翻译成英文

watch/gaze at/see the sunrise 看日出

eg.1.你必须立刻起床，否则你会错过看日出。

You must get up right now , otherwise you will miss the sunrise

2. 到了第二天，我们四点就起床了，我们一起去赶海，去看日出，到了海边，我们拿着照相机，一起把日出给记录下来。

The next day , we got up four points , we were to catch the sea, to see the sunrise , to the beach , we are holding a camera , along with the sunrise to the record .

延伸：sunrise / sun rise 日出；sunset / sun set 日落；at sunrise and sunset 在日出和日落的时候

eg.1.这个变化非常微妙，你可能从来都未曾注意，当然，除了在日出和日落的时候。

The effect is so subtle , you 'd never notice it. Except , of course , at sunset or sunrise

2.但当我们谈到白天与黑夜时，我们所指“Day”的意思是指日出与日落之间的时间。

But when we talk about the day and night we are using DAY to mean the time between sunrise and sunset .

老公的英语表达

我们这节来了解一下老公的英语表达是什么吧，顺便了解一下它的用法。下面是我给大家整理的老公的英语表达，供大家参阅!

老公的英语表达

husband

vt. 节约地使用(或管理)

n. 丈夫

n. (Husband)人名;(英)赫斯本德

husband的英语例句

She would quickly do the work required for a new dead reckoning direction and pass the information to her husband.

And one day so I was eating my ice-cream because the archives were closed, and this woman came up, and she was probably about fity, or something like that, and she ordered ice-cream, and so this guy says, "Well, Madame whatever, Madame Dupuis, you remember that day don't you, when the Germans came back?" And she said, "Oh I sure do, they hung my husband from that pole."

有一天我正吃冰激凌呢,因为档案馆关了,有个女人过来,她大概有五十岁,她要了个冰激凌,然后这哥们说,"我也忘了什么夫人了,杜普斯夫人,你还记得那天吧,德国人来的那天",然后她说,"我当然记得,他们把我丈夫吊在那根柱子上"

They included Bess' brother Alan as well as Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger and Baldwin "Butch" Hawes, who became her husband.

You know, already with a home, three kids, cooking everyday for a husband, as opposed to here,

有了家庭，有三个小孩子，每天给老公做饭，和这里的生活完全相反。

She wanted to explore her husband's Latino roots as a family project, as a way to teach their young daughter.

Middle Assyrian Laws: there's death to a wife if she steals from her husband and death to any who purchased the stolen goods.

中亚述法典这样描述，偷取丈夫财物的妻子应处死,对任何购买盗窃之物的人也应处死。

The farmer who had promised to take care of the farm while her husband was away had been lazy and dishonest.

for I want to know"; here a desire expressed between two people, a husband and a wife.] She turned and sank upon her skirts at that, ] And her face changed from terrified to dull.

因为我想知道“,这里丈夫和妻子两个人的欲望表达得淋漓尽致],她转过去，从裙子里垂下来，像突然垮下来一样],她的脸从惊恐变成了呆滞。

Kristen Iversen says one of their major problems was that Brown was socially progressive and her husband was not.

VOA: special.2010.03.08

I also love Central Park. It used to be a tradition for my husband and I.

同时，我也喜欢中央公园。我和我的丈夫过去经常到那里。

Some people saw proof of that in the fact that two of her children and her husband died before her.

but now I live in Italy to follow my husband who's working there.

但是我现在住在意大利，随我在那里工作的丈夫去的。

In nineteen forty, Clare Boothe Luce traveled to Europe as a reporter for Life magazine, which was published by her husband.

If she's married, her husband might find me and kill me.

如果她已经结婚了，她的丈夫会找到我，把我杀了。

For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for coming home late or forgetting their wedding anniversary.

husband的双语例句

Not with my husband.

我不能没有我的丈夫。

My husband joins with me in congratulating you.

我与我丈夫一道向你祝贺。

Sometimes she bitched her husband.

有时她抱怨她丈夫。

She is out with her husband.

她和她丈夫闹翻了。

She dunned her husband for some money.

她为了要一些钱跟她丈夫纠缠不休。

Her husband swelted one year ago.

她丈夫一年前去世了。

She preinformed her husband of her decision.

她把决定预先告诉她丈夫。

I don't know what will become of me if my husband divorces me.

如果我丈夫与我离婚，我真不知道我会有什么样的遭遇。

The property has been deeded to her by her husband.

这笔财产已由她丈夫立契约转让给她。

She was interred with her husband.

她与她丈夫葬在一起。

I had no idea your husband had passed over.

你丈夫去世的消息我一点也不知道。

Her husband left the firm for a better position in a bank.

她丈夫离开这个公司在一家银行谋到了一个更好的职位。

As a husband,I constantly subordinated my wishes to yours.

作为丈夫，我总把我个人的意愿从属于你的。

Sometimes she carked about the health of her husband.

有时她为丈夫的健康情况担忧。

She parrots every view her husband has.

她是她丈夫每一个观点的应和者。

初二英语练习

词语填空

though, be, something, fill, many, get, sports, try, hang, climb, call big, of, they, travel

Christmas Day, the 25th of December, is the 1___ festival in the Christian countries of the world. Christmas Day is particularly enjoyed by children, who get very excited because 2__ the presents they know they are going to receive. Small children believe that 3___ presents are brought by Father Christmas. Father Christmas is a kind old man who, the children are told, lives at the North Pole. He 4___ through the sky on a sledge(雪橇) which is pulled by deer and loaded with presents. Stopping on the roofs the houses, he enters by 5___ down the chimney（烟囱）。 When small children go to bed on Christmas Eve, they 6___ a stocking at the end of their beds. Their parents order them not 7_ to look at Father Christmas or he will not leave them _8_ . When they wake up, they find their stockings ____9__with presents. Children __10___ very excited on Christmas morning and always wake up early.

Christmas is a family celebration. As 11___ of the family as possible gather together to eat, play party games and, these days, watch the special Christmas programmes on TV.

Everyone 12__ two or three days off work for Christmas. In Britain the day after Christmas is __13 Boxing Day. This is a great day for ___14 , and many go out to watch football matches, etc. 15__ most people stay at home and have a lazy day.

答案：

1. biggest, 2.of, 3. their, 4.travels, 5.climbing, 6.hang, 7.to try, 8.anything, 9.filled, 10.are, 11.many, 12.gets, 13.called, 14.sports, 15.though

2.

Slow, yet, group, many, go, mother, have, sing, make, kill, if, they, talk, be, hear,

Whales live in the sea, but they 1_________ fish. They are mammals. The baby whales drink milk from the 2________body. Every spring 3_________of whales swim hundreds of kilometers to warm places to have their babies. Each mother whales 4_________to the same place every year. The mothers take very good care of 5_______. The whales 6_______ to each other with a high noise, it sounds like 7______. This “talking” can 8_________ for 9_________ than 300 kilometres.

10_____ people kill over a hundred whales a day. They kill them 11_____ many things. 12_______ them is a modern business. The whales dies very 13________ in great pain. More and more whales are killed by people , even the mothers and babies. 14___________ the things goes on like this, there will be no young whales to grow up and no mother whales to 15________ more babies.

答案：1. aren’t 2. mothers’ 3. groups 4. goes 5. their 6. talk 7. singing 8. be heard 9. more 10. Yet 11. to make 12 Killing 13. slowly 14. If 15. have

stay piece decide do or ride child succeed want

comfortable improve manage made late bottles

When Liu Dong graduated from Fuzhou University a few years ago, two thirds of his classmates could not find jobs. Liu Dong ____56____ at home for half a year before he got a ____57___ of news that a well-known nutrition liquid（营养饮料）company would need some salesmen.

Having nothing to do, Liu Dong ____58_____ to go to the headmaster of the company downtown to try his hand at it. During the interview, the boss said, “We need salesmen who could promote（促销）our products from door to door.”

“OK “.Liu Dong replied.

Being a salesman, Liu Dong ____59_____ a good job. Rain ____60____ shine .He went to work very early every morning and come back home ____61_____ at night.

At first Liu Dong ___62 ___ his bicycle from one household to another day in and day out. In summer he changed the way he worked. After accepting the task from his boss each time, he would first visit each neighborhood committee（居民委员会）to get to know how many patients, elder people and little _____63_____ there were. Then he raked all the households. In this way, he ____64____in the most. Besides, he took time out to get a good knowledge of sales.

Once an elder woman in hospital ______65_____the nutrition liquid, Liu Dong put down his chopsticks and went to the hospital with a box of the nutrition liquid. Another time, a customer called Liu Dong to tell him that he felt _____66______ after taking two bottles of the nutrition liquid. Liu Dong hurried to the customer’s home. He listened and explained and gave the money back for another two ___67___. After that, he reported the case to the company right away in order to _____68_____ the products.

Liu Dong _____69_____ to settle problems one after another. When his former university classmates were surprised at what he had achieved and wondered how he had _____70____ it, he would say “Never think yourself above your business”.

选词填空

late, one, hurt, ride, luck, die, take, be, they, when, visit, on, pass, name, drive

People like to talk about “first”. They like to remember their first love or 1________first car. But not all firsts are happy 2__________. Few people enjoy the firsts that 3_____________ bad.

One of history’s bad but important firsts was the first car accident. Cars were still young 4____________it happened. It 5__________place in New York in May 1896. A man from Massachusetts was 6___________the city in his new car. At that time, bicycle 7_____________ were still trying to get used to the new set of wheels on the road. No one was sure who was at fault（过错）. Any way, a bike and the car collided（相撞）. The man on the bike was 8__________. The driver of the car had to stay in prison（监狱） and wait for the hospital report 9___________ the bike rider. It was 10___________that the bike rider was not killed.

Three years 11_______, another car accident took place. It was again in New York City. A man 12_________Henry Bliss got off a street car. He was hit by a 13___________car. Again no one was sure just how it happened or who was at fault. The 14 __________ of the car was put in prison. Poor Mr Bliss became the first person 15____________in a car accident.

答案

1. their 2. ones 3. are 4. when 5. took 6. visiting 7. riders 8.hurt 9.on 10lucky 11.later 12.named 13.passing 14.driver 15 to die