小学英语入门基础知识(小学英语入门基础知识点总结)

http://www.itjxue.com  2023-03-24 18:00  来源:未知  点击次数: 

小学英语音标入门基础知识有哪些?

小学英语音标入门基础知识如下:

1、单元音:[i:]、[i]、[?:]、[?]、[u:]、[u]、[?:]、[?]、[ɑ:]、[?]、[e]、[?]。

2、浊辅音即能引起声带震动的音标,除了清辅音余下的都是浊辅音。

3、音节:音节是读音的基本单位。元音是音节的主体,元音和它前面的辅音构成不间断音,在朗读时不能间断。任何单词的读音,都是分解为一个个音节朗读。音节分成重读音节、次重读音节和轻读音节。

4、辅音: 发音不响亮是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音。

5、元音字母组合音节:由元音字母和元音字母组合。

小学英语入门应该学些什么

一.小学英语入门的基础—听,1.英语儿歌童谣;2.英语动画片。二.小学英语入门学习的关键—说,1.角色扮演;2.英语绘本。

免费试听课地址:【点击领取真人外教一对一免费试听课】大家选择的时候还是要货比三家好,毕竟每个人学习不同不一定能适应同一家。

阿卡索的外教老师也都是来自于以英语为母语的国家,老师是可以固定的,课程的价格也不贵,一节课才20块钱左右。其实上课过程中一些家长也会在旁边听课,看得出来外教老师很专业,不是随便拉来的老外。

希望可以帮到你啦!

想要找到合适英语培训机构,百度搜下“阿卡索vivi老师”即可。

百度搜下“阿卡索官网论坛”免费获取全网最齐全英语资源。

小学英语语法入门

小学英语语法入门,要学习哪些语法知识呢?下面是我给大家整理的小学英语语法入门的相关知识,供大家参阅!

小学英语语法入门:代词

代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词可以分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词。

一、 人称代词

1、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:

单数 复数

格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格

第一人称 I me we us

第二人称 you you you you

第三人称 he him they them

she her they them

it it they them

2、人称代词的用法

(1)代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格:

He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们。

They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。

She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。

(2)人称代词作表语时,用宾格时较多,特别是在口语中,例如:

Who is knocking at the door?- It’s me. 谁敲门?-是我。

If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收这个意见。

Imagine yourself to be me. 设想你是我。

但在下面这种结构中却常用主格:

It was he who did it.

It is she who wants it.

在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格:

He is more intelligent than her.

He is taller than I am.

3、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点:

(1)we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人:

We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.

在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。

We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.

即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静。

They也可用来泛指某一些人:

They don’t allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。(They代表谁不清楚)

They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 现今做不出象样的家具。

(2)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等:

I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。

The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she? 东方号轮船明天进港,是吗?

(3)在并列的主语中,I总放在最后:

Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生负责这项工作。

小学英语语法入门:疑问代词

1、疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:

指人:who, whom, whose

指物:what

既可指人又可指物:which

2、疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:

疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?

限定词: Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?  哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?

3、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:

Which girls do you like best?

你喜欢哪几个姑娘?

What girls do you like best?

你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

4、who通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语,例如:

Who is to take the chair? 谁做主席?

Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打电话)?

Who(m) did you meet on the street?

你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to?

你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus?

你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)

5、Whose, what, which这三个疑问代词可以用作:

(1) 主语:

What happened next? 后来怎么样了呢?

Whose is better? 谁的好一些?

Which is yours? 哪是你的?

2) 表语:

What’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的?

Whose is it? 这是谁的?

They are so alike, you can’t tell which is which. 他们是那样相像,你都分不出谁是谁了。

(3) 宾语:

What do you mean? 你是什么意思?

Which do you prefer? 你愿意要哪一个?

Whose are you going to borrow? 你预备借谁的?

(4) 定语:

Which train will you take? 你搭哪一班火车?

What time shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再碰头?

Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞?

6、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:

I can't make out what he is driving at.

我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

小学英语语法入门:指示代词

表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式

1、指示代词用法:

(1) 作主语:

This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。

This is what I want to emphasize. 这就是我想强调的。

This is a chair. 这是一把椅子。

That is Linda's book. 这是琳达的书。

Whose pens are those? 那些是谁的钢笔。

(2) 作宾语:

We should always keep this in mind. 我们应当经常记住这一点。

I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。

Have you read this? 你读过这个吗?

I like these but she likes those. 我喜欢这些,而她喜欢那些。

(3) 作表语:

My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。

Her plan is this. 她的计划是这样的。

His worries are those. 他的烦恼就是那些。

(4) 作定语:

You can't swim at this time of the year. 你不能在这个时候游泳。

I don't like that man. 我不喜欢那个人。

We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。

2、指示代词的用法区别

(1) this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。

例:This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.

这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。

Please come this way. We'll go in by that door. 请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。

In those year they led a hard life. 在那些岁月里,他们生活得很艰难

2) this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。

例:I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。

He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了,那就是他没来的原因。

He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。

(3) that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西,以避免重复这个名词:

These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 这些机器比我们去年生产的好。

The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。

The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。

(4) 在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。

例:A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂,我是鲍勃。

B: Who's that please? 请问是哪位?(美语用Who's it?或Who's this?)

3、such也是一个指示代词,在句子中可用作:

(1) 定语:

We have had such a busy day. 我们今天忙得真够呛。

I don’t like such weather. 我不喜欢这样的天气。

(2) 主语:

Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。

Such are the results. 结果就是如此。

(3) 表语:

His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。

4、same也可以看作指示代词,在句中能作定语、主语、表语或宾语:

She said the same thing all over again. 她把同样的话又说了一遍。

The same may be said of his brother. 他弟弟也有这种情形。

Our views are the same. 我们的看法是相同的。

“Happy New year!” “The same to you!” “新年好!”“新年好!”

小学英语基础知识点总结

小学英语基础知识点总结

名词

表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。

判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;

be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。

这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;

最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。

如何加后缀:

a.一般情况下,直接加-s

如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats, bed-beds

b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es

如:bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es

如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es

如:knife-knives

e.不规则名词复数:

man-men

woman-women

policeman-policemen

policewoman-policewomen

mouse-mice

child-children

foot-feet

tooth-teeth

ish-fish

people-people

Chinese-Chinese

Japanese-Japanese

人称代词

第一人称

I me we us my mine our ours

第二人称

you you you you your yours your yours

第三人称

he him they them his his their theirs she her her hers it it its its

人称代词:

有主格和宾格之分。

一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。

物主代词

有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)

一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);

如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。

形容词性物主代词

1、 形容词性物主代词8个:

My your his her its our your their

我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的

2、 形容词性物主代词的特点:

1)译成汉语都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他们的

2)后面加名词: eg:my backpack his name

3)前后不用冠词 a an the

This is a my eraser(错误) That is your a pen(错误) Its his the pen(错误)

3、I(物主代词)my you(物主代词)your he (物主代词)her we (物主代词) our

注:在变物主代词时,把原题所给的词加上的,再译成单词就可以了。

名词性物主代词

1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词一样有8个:

Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的

2、名词性物主代词的特点:

1)译成汉语都有"的" 2)后面不加名词 3)名词性物主代词=形容词性

物主代词+名词

Eg:1、thepen is mine 钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)

单数的句子变成复数的句子

把单数的句子成复数的句子:

变法是把能变成复数的词变成复数,但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑问

词、形容词、国家及地点通常不变。

Eg:把下列句子变成复数

1, I have a car ----we have cars

2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys

3, It is a car ----They are cars

4, This is an eraser ----These are erasers

5, That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks

6,Im an English teather ------We are English teathers

7,Its a new shirt---- They are new shirts

8,Hes a boy ----They are boys

9,Shes a singer ------They are singers

10,Whats this in English?---- What are these in English?

基础知识

1.字母:26个字母的大小写

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2.语音:元音的发音

五个元音字母:AEIOU

12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [] /e/ []

中元音:[:] []

后元音:[ɑ:] [] [:] [u :] [] []

双元音(8个)

Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [u] [i]

Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i][ε][u]

3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词

4.句子:大小写,标点符号

语法知识①

一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格

(一)名词单复数

1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名词的格

(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:

a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes

l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:

Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s

Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:

a picture of the classroom a map of China

语法知识②

二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:

(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle

元音开头的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane

2. 用法:

定冠词的用法:

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.

(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.

(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠词的情况:

(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.

(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

This is my baseball.

(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

语法知识③

三、代词、形容词、副词

代词:人称代词,物主代词

人称代词物主代词

主格宾格

第一

人称单数I(我)memy(我的)

复数we(我们)usour(我们的)

第二

人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)

复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)

第三

人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)

she(她)herher(她的)

it(它)itits(它的)

复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)

形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

(一)、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2.形容词加er的规则:

⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;

⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;

⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;

⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

3.不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副词的'比较级

1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

语法知识④

四、数词:基数词、序数词

(1)1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

1,001→one thousand and one

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序数词

(1)一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

(2)不规则变化

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

基数词转为序数词的口诀:

基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.

八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。

ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.

若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

语法知识⑤

五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2.on

1)表示具体日期。

注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

over the weekend在整个周末

during the weekend在周末期间

(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?

2)在(刚……)的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3.in

1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

六、动词:动词的四种时态:

(1)一般现在时:

一般现在时的构成

1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(2)一般过去时:

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般将来时:

基本结构:

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

句法

1.陈述句

(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

(2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

2. 疑问句

一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。

特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。

3.There be句型

There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

What’s + 介词短语?

(责任编辑:IT教学网)

更多

推荐免费资源文章